From: The myogenic kinome: protein kinases critical to mammalian skeletal myogenesis
Stagea | Kinase | Full name | Mechanismb | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Satellite cell activation | c-Metc | N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) human osteosarcoma (HOS) transforming oncogene cellular homologue | ? | |
Proliferation and/or inhibit differentiation | JAK1 | Janus/just another kinase 1 | Phosphorylation and activation of STAT1 | [216] |
 | p38γ | p38γ mitogen-activated protein kinase | Phosphorylation and repression of MyoD activity | [217] |
 | ROCK1 | Rho-associated kinase 1 | Blocks activation of the Akt differentiation pathway | |
Differentiation | c-Abl | Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene cellular homologue | Activation of p38 | |
 | CaMK1/4 | Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases 1 and 4 | Phosphorylates HDAC5, thereby releasing repression of MEF2 | |
 | DYRK1B | Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B | Phosphorylates HDAC5 and HDAC9, thereby releasing repression of MEF2 | |
 | MAPK7d | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 | Phosphorylation and activation of MEF2C | |
 | JAK2 | Janus/just another kinase 2 | Phosphorylation and activation of STAT2 and STAT3 | |
 | PKCζ | Protein kinase Cζ | Activation of CDK5 | [53] |
 | PKD2 | Protein kinase D2 | Activation of MEF2D and repression of Pax3 | [232] |
Fusion | cGK1 | Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase 1 | Phosphorylation and inactivation of FoxO1 | [233] |
 | FAK | Focal adhesion kinase | Fusogen expression | |
 | PKCθ | Protein kinase Cθ | Activation of FAK | [234] |
Hypertrophy | ROCK2 | Rho-associated kinase 2 | Activation of ERK2 and S6K | [236] |