From: Regulation of skeletal muscle growth by the IGF1-Akt/PKB pathway: insights from genetic models
Transgene | Perturbation | Effect | References |
---|---|---|---|
Igf1 (via virus) | Overexpression of Igf1 | Muscle fiber hypertrophy (and muscle regeneration) | |
Igf1 | Overexpression of Igf1 | Prevention of glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy | |
RasV12C40 (Ras double mutant) | Activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway | Muscle fiber hypertrophy, which is blocked by rapamycin | |
c.a. PI3K2 | Activation of PI3K | Muscle fiber hypertrophy | |
c.a. Akt | Activation of Akt | Muscle fiber hypertrophy, which is blocked by rapamycin | |
c.a. Akt (via virus) | Activation of Akt | Muscle fiber hypertrophy | [139] |
c.a.FoxO3 | Activation of FoxO3 | Muscle fiber atrophy and activation of atrogin-1 reporter | [91] |
Small interfering RNA to FoxO1 and FoxO3 | Knockdown of FoxO1 and FoxO3 by RNA interference | Prevention of atrogin-1 reporter upregulation induced by starvation | [91] |
Rheb3 | Activation of Rheb and mTORC1 | Muscle fiber hypertrophy | [140] |
Small interfering RNA to N-WASP | Knockdown of N-WASP4 by RNA interference | Muscle fiber atrophy | [86] |