Fig. 1

Altered NAD⁺ salvage pathway in H6PDKO muscle. a Pathway analysis of unbiased metabolomics from WT (n = 3) and H6PDKO (n = 3) tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscle. b Numerical output from pathway analysis of WT and H6PD KO tibialis anterior skeletal muscle. Values shown from pathway analysis. c-f Quantification of NAD⁺, NADH, total NAD(H) and ratio of NAD⁺/NADH in WT (n = 7) and H6PDKO (n = 6) TA muscle. g Schematic representation of the biosynthetic generation of NAD from nicotinamide Riboside (NR) and nicotinamide (NAM) salvage, enzymes shown in red. h qRT-PCR of NAD⁺ synthesis and salvage genes in WT (n = 7) and H6PDKO (n = 7) TA. i Expression of NRK2 transcript in TA muscle of WT and H6PDKO mice at 3 and 8 weeks of age. j-k Western blotting and quantification of WT (n = 9) and H6PDKO (n = 9) TA lysates. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001