Table 4 MicroCT analysis (trabecular bone)

 Total volume (mm³)

2.16 ± 0.08

1.86 ± 0.05^b

1.75 ± 0.05

1.72 ± 0.04

 Bone volume (mm³)

0.403 ± 0.058

0.194 ± 0.015^b

0.139 ± 0.011

0.121 ± 0.012

 Bone surface (mm²)

21.49 ± 1.97

13.03 ± 0.87^b

9.36 ± 0.61

8.43 ± 0.78

 Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (%)

18.20 ± 2.04

10.34 ± 0.65^b

7.92 ± 0.55

7.01 ± 0.57

 Bone surface density (1/mm)

9.82 ± 0.56

6.95 ± 0.33^c

5.35 ± 0.28

4.86 ± 0.36

 Specific bone surface (1/mm)

57.70 ± 3.80

70.85 ± 2.58^b

71.55 ± 1.77

73.79 ± 1.92

 Connectivity density (1/mm³)

246.4 ± 12.1

179.1 ± 16.3^b

104.4 ± 10.5

97.0 ± 13.1

 Structure model index

1.81 ± 0.19

2.52 ± 0.07^b

2.75 ± 0.08

2.81 ± 0.07

 Trabecular number (Tb.N) (1/mm)

5.61 ± 0.14

4.75 ± 0.14^c

4.18 ± 0.08

4.01 ± 0.13

 Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (μm)

48.0 ± 2.6

40.5 ± 1.8^a

40.2 ± 0.6

39.5 ± 0.8

 Trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) (μm)

166.5 ± 5.6

204.6 ± 7.0^c

235.4 ± 4.6

248.3 ± 8.2

 Standard deviation of Tb.Th (μm)

17.4 ± 1.5

14.2 ± 1.1

15.0 ± 0.14

15.0 ± 0.68

 Standard deviation of Tb.Sp (μm)

53.8 ± 2.5

66.0 ± 2.2^b

69.3 ± 2.8

75.1 ± 2.9

 Degree of anisotropy

1.67 ± 0.05

1.53 ± 0.03^a

1.61 ± 0.03

1.56 ± 0.04

 Bone mineral density (mg/ccm HA)

153.5 ± 18.7

79.7 ± 6.1^b

54.8 ± 4.9

47.0 ± 5.2

 Tissue density (mg/ccm HA)

876.7 ± 7.5

854.5 ± 10.0

856.9 ± 4.6

857.6 ± 4.9

 Total volume (mm³)

0.93 ± 0.02

0.90 ± 0.03

0.82 ± 0.03

0.77 ± 0.02

 Bone volume (mm³)

0.088 ± 0.007

0.063 ± 0.008^a

0.054 ± 0.005

0.045 ± 0.005

 Bone surface (mm²)

5.84 ± 0.44

4.44 ± 0.51^a

3.47 ± 0.23

2.91 ± 0.29

 Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (%)

9.36 ± 0.59

6.97 ± 0.62^b

6.52 ± 0.46

5.75 ± 0.52

 Bone surface density (1/mm)

6.21 ± 0.37

4.90 ± 0.38^a

4.21 ± 0.20

3.73 ± 0.32

 Specific bone surface (1/mm)

70.86 ± 1.97

76.32 ± 1.84^a

69.76 ± 2.27

69.73 ± 1.41

 Connectivity density (1/mm³)

117.5 ± 12.9

80.3 ± 14.4

49.4 ± 5.4

47.0 ± 8.6

 Structure model index

2.86 ± 0.06

3.03 ± 0.07

2.89 ± 0.08

3.06 ± 0.12

 Trabecular number (Tb.N) (1/mm)

4.99 ± 0.15

4.46 ± 0.13^a

3.71 ± 0.06

3.63 ± 0.12

 Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (μm)

40.4 ± 1.2

38.0 ± 1.0

40.6 ± 1.4

41.4 ± 0.9

 Trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) (μm)

195.2 ± 6.8

220.9 ± 6.7^a

268.7 ± 5.1

277.6 ± 9.5

 Standard deviation of Tb.Th (μm)

14.5 ± 0.8

13.5 ± 0.6

15.3 ± 1.0

16.1 ± 0.7

 Standard deviation of Tb.Sp (μm)

57.6 ± 1.8

68.5 ± 3.0^b

94.0 ± 8.0

87.4 ± 5.0

 Degree of anisotropy

1.83 ± 0.02

1.80 ± 0.05

1.80 ± 0.04

1.81 ± 0.04

 Bone mineral density (mg/ccm HA)

75.5 ± 5.8

50.0 ± 6.1^b

43.0 ± 3.4

37.1 ± 4.7

 Tissue density (mg/ccm HA)

910.4 ± 7.8

901.5 ± 5.8

908.1 ± 7.8

928.5 ± 9.4

 Total volume (mm³)

2.06 ± 0.06

1.98 ± 0.05

2.03 ± 0.07

2.04 ± 0.05

 Bone volume (mm³)

0.541 ± 0.034

0.417 ± 0.020^b

0.427 ± 0.019

0.397 ± 0.015

 Bone surface (mm²)

26.63 ± 1.03

22.91 ± 1.04^a

22.49 ± 0.72

21.41 ± 0.70

 Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (%)

26.05 ± 0.92

20.98 ± 0.56^c

21.03 ± 0.38

19.40 ± 0.49^a

 Bone surface density (1/mm)

12.90 ± 0.21

11.55 ± 0.28^b

11.11 ± 0.10

10.48 ± 0.22^a

 Specific bone surface (1/mm)

49.90 ± 1.43

55.45 ± 0.29^b

53.31 ± 1.03

54.57 ± 0.65

 Connectivity density (1/mm³)

306.1 ± 10.5

266.9 ± 13.3^a

280.9 ± 12.0

253.9 ± 7.8

 Structure model index

0.46 ± 0.08

0.87 ± 0.05^c

0.81 ± 0.04

0.91 ± 0.05

 Trabecular number (Tb.N) (1/mm)

5.59 ± 0.08

5.21 ± 0.08^b

4.81 ± 0.06

4.63 ± 0.07

 Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (μm)

46.3 ± 1.6

41.6 ± 0.2^a

43.7 ± 0.7

43.1 ± 0.5

 Trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) (μm)

166.2 ± 2.8

180.1 ± 3.5^b

198.6 ± 3.2

207.4 ± 3.8

 Standard deviation of Tb.Th (μm)

13.8 ± 1.0

11.4 ± 0.1^a

12.6 ± 0.19

12.7 ± 0.27

 Standard deviation of Tb.Sp (μm)

73.8 ± 2.2

75.2 ± 4.4

85.2 ± 3.5

91.4 ± 2.8

 Degree of anisotropy

2.01 ± 0.04

1.98 ± 0.04

1.96 ± 0.04

1.96 ± 0.02

 Bone mineral density (mg/ccm HA)

231.0 ± 8.7

181.3 ± 5.6^c

180.6 ± 4.1

164.9 ± 4.9^a

 Tissue density (mg/ccm HA)

906.7 ± 6.2

887.9 ± 1.7^a

873.4 ± 6.6

879.1 ± 3.5