Fig. 1

NAD⁺ salvage pathway is altered in striated muscles of golden retriever muscular dystrophy. A Schematic representation of the NAD⁺ biosynthesis. Created with BioRender.com. B Immunoblots showing Nampt, QPRT, and NRK2 protein levels in cardiac and skeletal from early and advanced age wild-type dogs (n = 3) and GRMD (n = 3) dogs. GAPDH was used for normalization. C Quantification of cardiac and skeletal muscle NAD⁺ content (fold change) in wild-type dogs at early and advanced age (n = 4) and GRMD dogs at early and advanced disease (n = 4). Bars indicate mean ± standard error of mean, and numbers above columns indicate P-values. Differences were analyzed by unpaired t-test