Figure 5
From: Metabolic remodeling agents show beneficial effects in the dystrophin- deficient mdx mouse model
Effect of GW and AICAR on diaphragm fibrosis, utrophin A expression, muscle cytokines, and inflammation. (A) Western blotting for utrophin in EDL muscles from vehicle- (n = 8), GW- (n = 6), AICAR- (n = 8), and GW&AICAR-treated (n = 6) mice. Vinculin was used as an internal control for protein loading. The expression was normalized to that of vinculin and expressed as a percentage of the vehicle expression. (B) Van Gilson staining of the diaphragms of mice treated with vehicle, GW501516, AICAR, or GW&AICAR. The percentage of fibrosis was then calculated by measuring the area of the fibrosis and the area of the whole section from vehicle- (n = 8), GW- (n = 6), AICAR- (n = 8), and GW&AICAR-treated (n = 6) mice. IL-6 (C) and IL-10 (D) analyses were performed by flow cytometry on EDL muscle lysate (n = 2), with 30,000 events per tube. WT muscle was used as a control for cytokine expression. (E) Inflammation was also analyzed by Histologic examination after H&E staining (1 inflammation = a cluster of 10 nuclei). Data are means ± SE. * P < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated control mice. **P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated control mice.