Figure 1

Establishing a delivery and dosing schedule for NBD in mdx mice. (A) Mdx mice were treated by IP delivery for a period of 4 weeks with NBD (10 mg/kg) for either 3 days (d), 2 days, or 1 day per week. Quadriceps (Quad) muscles were selected as a representative hind limb muscle from NBD treated mdx mice (n = 5 per group). (B) Mdx mice were treated with vehicle or NBD (10 mg/kg), 3× weekly, by SQ delivery, for a period of 4 weeks. Quad muscles were analyzed from NBD and vehicle treated mdx mice (n = 10 per group). (C) Mdx mice were treated with vehicle or NBD (10 mg/kg) 3× weekly, by IV delivery for a period of 4 weeks. Quad muscles were analyzed from NBD and vehicle treated mice (n = 5 per group). For all panels, muscle sections (3 per muscle) were either immunostained with the macrophage marker, F4/80, to measure inflammation, or incubated with a fluorescent conjugated immunoglobin (IgG) to assess necrosis, or stained with the embryonic form of myosin heavy chain (eMyHC) to detect regenerative myofibers. Data are expressed as percentage of marker expression per total area. Asterisks indicate P = 0.05 (*), P <0.01 (**), P <0.001 (***).