Table 3 Summary of drug strategies to target muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitor differentiation and fate

AG1296

PDGFR kinase activity inhibitor

Not evaluated

Reduced?

Not evaluated

Reduced

Not evaluated

[11]

AICAR

AMPK activator

Reduced

Not evaluated

Induced

Not evaluated

Reduced

Saito et al., 2020 [148]

Azathioprine

Immunosuppressant

Not affected

Reduced

Not affected

Not affected

Reduced

Reggio et al 2019 [149]

Batimastat

MMPs inhibitor (including MMP14)

Not affected

Not affected

Not affected

Not affected

Reduced

[14] [104]

BMS493

Pan-retinoic acid receptor (RAR) inverse agonist

Not evaluated

Reduced

Not evaluated

Reduced

Induced spontaneous differentiation

[69]

Dexamethasone

Glucocorticoid receptor

Induced

Induced

Not affected

Not evaluated

Induced

Dong et al., 2014 [150]

HDAC inhibitors^a (TSA and Pracinostat)

HDACs

Not evaluated

Not evaluated

Not evaluated

Reduced

Reduced

[151] [28] [152];

LY2090314 & other GSK inhibitors

GSK3 inhibitors

Slightly decreased

Not affected

Not affected

Mixed results

Reduced

[153]

Metformin

AMPK activator

Not evaluated

Reduced

Not evaluated

Not evaluated

Reduced

[16]

Molsidomine

NO donating molecule

Reduced?

Reduced?

Not evaluated

Reduced

Reduced

[154]

Promethazine hydrochloride

H1 histamine receptor

Not affected

Not affected

Not affected

Not evaluated

Reduced

[72]

SB525334/SB431542

TGFBR kinase activity inhibitor

Reduced

Reduced

Induced after long treatment

Reduced

Not evaluated

[147] [11, 12]

TKIs (imatinib, nilotinib, crenolanib, sorafenib, and masitinib)

Abl, PDGFRs, Kit, DDRs, p38

Reduced

Reduced

Induced

Reduced

Reduced and/or Induced

[59]; [155]; [11, 12]; ^b[16]; [146];