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Table 3 Muscle strength differences in the whole cohort (n=409), and between males and females over 10-year follow-up period

From: Metabolomic signatures for the longitudinal reduction of muscle strength over 10 years

  

Whole dataset

Male

Female

Male VS female P value

Hand grip (psi)

Baseline

12.3±2.99

14.4±2.53

10.3±1.77

2.76*10-14

2.6-years

10.1±2.93

11.9±2.59

8.43±2.15

1.03*10-4

5-years

11.7±4.35

13.9±4.36

9.37±2.92

2.13*10-5

10-years

10.8±3.64

12.8±3.62

8.91±2.45

3.12*10-4

Decline/year (psi/year)

0.09

0.09

0.09

 

P value

0.0002

1.2*10-14

1.46*10-14

 

Knee extension (kg)

Baseline

31.55±11.3

38.2±9.19

24.8±9.12

2.74*10-18

2.6-years

33.2±11.0

38.8±9.17

27.6±9.71

2.36*10-12

5-years

34.3±10.3

39.5±8.69

29.2±9.2

1.52*10-14

10-years

31.54±11.3

38.5±12.6

24.7±9.32

8.28*10-7

Decline/year (kg/year)

0.02

0.002

0.067

 

P value

0.58

0.50

0.20

 

Leg strength (kg)

Baseline

96.0±52.6

132±46.3

59.6±27.7

1.82*10-4

2.6-years

96.7±53.4

133±46.5

60.1±29.5

5.36*10-4

5-years

87.3±54.4

124±47.6

50.1±30.1

3.48*10-5

10-years

70.4±43.9

95.3±43.6

45.4±26.8

3.71*10-4

Decline/year (Kg/year)

2.57

3.68

1.47

 

P value

8.49*10-15

2.0*10-16

2.09*10-8

 
  1. Values are mean ± SD for muscle strength measurement at baseline, 2.6-, 5-, and 10-year follow-up phases. P values for muscle strength differences between males and females at each follow-up points were obtained by using the linear regression (lm) method in R; psi pounds per square inch, kg kilogram