Table 1 DXA and fasting blood/plasma analysis
From: Functional replacement of myostatin with GDF-11 in the germline of mice
| Â | Male +/+ | Male Gdf11/Gdf11 | Female +/+ | Female Gdf11/Gdf11 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight (g) | 25.2 ± 0.5 (23) | 23.7 ± 0.3b (30) | 20.0 ± 0.3 (19) | 19.5 ± 0.3 (26) |
DXA | ||||
 Lean mass (g) | 19.6 ± 0.6 (12) | 18.0 ± 0.4a (11) | 15.7 ± 0.3 (8) | 15.0 ± 0.3 (12) |
 Fat mass (g) | 2.9 ± 0.2 (12) | 3.0 ± 0.1 (11) | 2.3 ± 0.1 (8) | 2.3 ± 0.1 (12) |
 BMD (g/cm2) | ||||
  Whole body | 0.0465 ± 0.0008 (12) | 0.0443 ± 0.0005a (11) | 0.0447 ± 0.0003 (8) | 0.0440 ± 0.0004 (12) |
  Right humerus | 0.0405 ± 0.0008 (12) | 0.0388 ± 0.0004 (11) | 0.0395 ± 0.0006 (8) | 0.0390 ± 0.0006 (12) |
  Left humerus | 0.0444 ± 0.0011 (12) | 0.0409 ± 0.0007b (11) | 0.0414 ± 0.0009 (8) | 0.0419 ± 0.0007 (12) |
  Right femur | 0.0693 ± 0.0025 (12) | 0.0629 ± 0.0011a (11) | 0.0615 ± 0.0008 (8) | 0.0608 ± 0.0006 (12) |
  Left femur | 0.0756 ± 0.0026 (12) | 0.0678 ± 0.0016a (11) | 0.0635 ± 0.0013 (8) | 0.0627 ± 0.0006 (12) |
  L2 + L3 vertebrae | 0.0537 ± 0.0011 (12) | 0.0504 ± 0.0012a (11) | 0.0534 ± 0.0012 (8) | 0.0534 ± 0.0011 (12) |
  L4 + L5 vertebrae | 0.0580 ± 0.0010 (12) | 0.0547 ± 0.0015 (11) | 0.0602 ± 0.0023 (8) | 0.0588 ± 0.0013 (12) |
Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||
 Standard diet | 160.9 ± 5.8 (18) | 161.2 ± 3.3 (22) | 127.8 ± 4.2 (13) | 139.6 ± 4.1a (17) |
 High-fat diet | 207.6 ± 8.1 (10) | 209.1 ± 6.1 (9) | 148.3 ± 11.0 (7) | 161.3 ± 10.9 (7) |
Insulin (ng/ml) | ||||
 Standard diet | 0.97 ± 0.17 (10) | 0.93 ± 0.09 (14) | 0.46 ± 0.18 (7) | 0.25 ± 0.07 (10) |
 High-fat diet | 3.33 ± 0.50 (10) | 4.38 ± 0.63 (14) | 0.61 ± 0.17 (7) | 0.98 ± 0.35 (10) |
Leptin (ng/ml) | ||||
 Standard diet | 2.76 ± 0.66 (10) | 4.04 ± 0.50 (14) | 2.30 ± 0.49 (7) | 2.60 ± 0.32 (10) |
 High-fat diet | 52.82 ± 7.76 (10) | 58.26 ± 9.47 (14) | 20.93 ± 8.55 (7) | 26.91 ± 8.58 (10) |
Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||
 Standard diet | 141.1 ± 3.5 (10) | 168.6 ± 3.3c (14) | 117.7 ± 7.5 (7) | 118.6 ± 5.3 (10) |
 High-fat diet | 192.1 ± 11.5 (10) | 237.4 ± 13.9a (14) | 139.3 ± 10.3 (7) | 154.4 ± 9.6 (10) |
HDL (mg/dL) | ||||
 Standard diet | 98.9 ± 2.2 (10) | 116.6 ± 1.4c (14) | 79.0 ± 4.5 (7) | 78.8 ± 3.1 (10) |
 High-fat diet | 131.7 ± 6.2 (10) | 151.5 ± 5.5a (14) | 100.1 ± 6.4 (7) | 109.1 ± 6.1 (10) |
LDL (mg/dL) | ||||
 Standard diet | 1.94 ± 0.46 (10) | 2.03 ± 0.20 (14) | 6.83 ± 0.74 (7) | 7.08 ± 0.46 (10) |
 High-fat diet | 2.90 ± 0.67 (10) | 5.16 ± 0.82 (14) | 5.32 ± 0.34 (7) | 6.46 ± 0.62 (10) |
Trigylcerides (mg/dL) | ||||
 Standard diet | 76.6 ± 3.5 (10) | 69.2 ± 1.8 (14) | 69.4 ± 3.7 (7) | 60.9 ± 3.8 (10) |
 High-fat diet | 93.9 ± 3.0 (10) | 87.6 ± 1.9 (14) | 71.4 ± 5.3 (7) | 71.3 ± 6.4 (10) |
Free fatty acids (mEq/L) | ||||
 Standard diet | 0.69 ± 0.06 (10) | 0.61 ± 0.03 (14) | 0.61 ± 0.06 (7) | 0.71 ± 0.17 (10) |
 High fat diet | 0.63 ± 0.02 (10) | 0.57 ± 0.02 (14) | 0.56 ± 0.05 (7) | 0.55 ± 0.07 (10) |