Figure 4
From: Metabolic remodeling agents show beneficial effects in the dystrophin- deficient mdx mouse model
Effect of GW and AICAR on satellite cell activation, muscle regeneration, and degeneration. (A) Immunostaining of gastrocnemius muscle for developmental myosin (MyoD) heavy chain. (B) Histogram representing the area of regenerating fibers in gastrocnemius muscle. (C) Percentage of MyoD-positive cells isolated from muscles. (D) Fibers with no central nuclei. (E) MiRNA expression in diaphragm muscle (n = 4 for each group). (F) Western blotting for FoXO1 in EDL muscle lysate. Vinculin was used as an internal control for protein loading. The expression was normalized to that of vinculin and expressed as a percentage of the vehicle expression. (G) IgM-positive immunolabeling of muscle section to identify degenerated fibers. Data are means ± SE from vehicle- (n = 8), GW- (n = 6), AICAR- (n = 8), and GW&AICAR-treated (n = 6) mice. * P < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated control mice. **P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated control mice. *** P < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated control mice.