Fig. 4

Co-culture of A/J and WT myoblasts with M1 and M2a macrophages. a Diagram of myoblast-macrophage co-cultures. H-2K cells are plated in a 6-well dish and macrophages are plated in the top Transwell^TM chamber. Soluble factors secreted by both macrophages and myoblasts can be exchanged in the culture medium. b Desmin immunostaining of dysferlin-deficient (A/J, left column) and dysferlin-sufficient (WT, right column) myoblasts after 3 days of co-culture with differentially polarized macrophages: LPS treated (M1), IL-4 treated (M2a), LPS+OVA-IC treated (M2b), or untreated (Mϕ). Scale, 50 μm. c % Fusion index in 3-day-old co-cultures of WT and A/J myoblasts with WT mice-derived macrophages obtained by dividing the number of nuclei in myotubes by total myonuclei. d Total number of cells in 3-day-old co-cultures with WT mice-derived macrophages. e % Fusion index in 3-day-old co-cultures of WT and A/J myoblasts with Bla/J mice-derived macrophages. n = 3 independent experiments. Data are shown as means ± SEM; ANOVA, *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001