Fig. 6

Metabolomic analyses showed that the amiloride treatment attenuated hyper-catabolism in cachectic gastrocnemius. a Heat-map plot of relative levels of the identified metabolites (n = 6). b Expressions of AMPK, p-AMPK, LC3, MHC, MLC, Akt1, p-Akt1(T308), and p-Akt1(S473) proteins analyzed by using western blot. c Quantification of the expressed proteins (n = 4). d Heat-map plot of the correlations between the catabolic/anabolic protein expressions and identified metabolite levels in the CAC gastrocnemius. The gradient red/blue colors indicate that the positive/negative correlations, and significant correlations were identified with the criterion of |r| > 0.576 (n = 6). Statistical significances: p > 0.05, NS; p < 0.05, *; p < 0.01, **; p < 0.001, ***; p < 0.0001, ****. NOR, C57BL/6 or BALB/c normal control mice; CAC, CT26/LLC cachexia mice; AM, amiloride-treated mice; KD, mice inoculated with Rab27-knockdown CT26/LLC cells; BCAAs, branch-chain amino acids; IMP, inosine monophosphate; 2PG, 2-phosphoglycerate; 3-HB, 3-hydroxybutyrate; MLC, myosin light chain; MHC, myosin heavy chain