Fig. 5
From: Metabolomic signatures for the longitudinal reduction of muscle strength over 10 years
Volcano plots of the association results between metabolites and the changes of muscle strength: A hand grip strength change, B knee extension strength change, and C leg muscle strength change over 10-year follow-up time. X-axis is the effect size in betas obtained from the generalized linear mixed effects model, and y-axis is minus log transformed p values. The green line indicates p value = 0.01, and the red line shows the pre-defined significance level at α=0.0004 after correction of multiple testing of 129 metabolites with Bonferroni method. A negative value of beta in the X-axis refers to a reduction in muscle strength per unit increase for a given metabolite, while a positive value of beta in the X-axes refers to an increase in muscle strength per unit increase for a given metabolite over the 10-year follow-up time