Fig. 2

shRNA-mediated knock down of DMD, CAPN3, and MSTN in 3D-tissue-engineered-skeletal muscle. A Effect of shRNA-mediated knock down on force-generating capacity (twitch force) in 3D-TESMs. 3D-TESMs were transduced (using Method 3) with shRNAs targeting DMD, CAPN3, or MSTN. Force-generating capacity was measured in response to stimulation at 1 Hz. Data are represented as mean ± SD derived from three independent 3D-TESMs at each timepoint (12 3D-TESMs total) for all conditions. Statistical significance is indicated for all conditions, compared to the corresponding non-targeted control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. B as A but now showing the maximum force-generating capacity in response to tetanic stimulation (20 Hz). C Whole-mount immunofluorescent stainings of all experimental conditions from A and B. Green, anti-titin antibody. Blue, nuclei stained with Hoechst